Hypothyroidism in Dogs: Symptoms, Diagnosis, and Care

Hypothyroidism is a common but manageable condition in dogs caused by an underactive thyroid gland. This critical part of the endocrine system produces hormones responsible for regulating metabolism, growth, and energy levels. When thyroid function decreases, it can lead to noticeable changes in a dog’s behaviour, appearance, and health.

The thyroid gland, located in the neck, produces hormones like thyroxine (T4) that control many of the body’s essential functions. Hypothyroidism occurs when this gland does not produce enough hormones, leading to symptoms such as lethargy, weight gain, and changes in the coat and skin. While this condition can affect any dog, certain breeds such as Golden Retrievers, Dachshunds, and Irish Setters are more prone to developing it, especially between the ages of 4 and 10.

Dogs with hypothyroidism may display a range of symptoms, often mistaken for ageing or other health issues:

• Unexplained Weight Gain: Despite a normal diet, your dog might put on weight.
• Lethargy: A noticeable decline in energy levels, with your pet being less active or playful.
• Coat and Skin Changes: Hair loss, thinning fur, or a dull coat are common signs, often accompanied by dry, flaky skin.
• Cold Intolerance: Dogs with hypothyroidism may shiver or seek warmth more frequently.
• Frequent Infections: Repeated ear or skin infections could signal a weakened immune response linked to thyroid dysfunction.

Regular health check-ups are essential to identify these signs early, as hypothyroidism shares symptoms with other conditions.

Diagnosing hypothyroidism requires thorough clinical examinations and laboratory tests. Your vet will likely assess your dog’s T4 hormone levels to determine thyroid function. Low T4 levels alone aren’t definitive, as they can also result from non-thyroidal illnesses or medications. Secondary tests, such as free T4 by equilibrium dialysis or TSH levels, are often necessary to confirm a diagnosis.

Although hypothyroidism is incurable, it is highly manageable with proper treatment. The primary treatment involves daily supplementation with synthetic thyroid hormones like levothyroxine. This medication restores hormone levels, alleviating symptoms and improving your dog’s overall quality of life.

• Ongoing Monitoring: Regular blood tests are crucial to ensure hormone levels remain stable. Dosage adjustments may be necessary as your dog ages or if symptoms reappear.
• Lifestyle Adjustments: Incorporating a balanced diet and moderate exercise helps maintain a healthy weight and energy levels.

With consistent care, most dogs respond well to treatment and lead active, happy lives.

Early detection through routine check-ups is key to managing hypothyroidism effectively. Schedule veterinary visits at least twice a year, particularly for high-risk breeds or older dogs. Regular health screenings can identify potential issues before symptoms become severe, ensuring prompt treatment.

If you notice signs of lethargy, persistent weight gain, or coat changes, consult your veterinarian without delay. These could be early indicators of hypothyroidism or other underlying conditions. Veterinary professionals will provide tailored advice and a treatment plan suited to your pet’s unique needs.

If your dog shows signs of hypothyroidism or if you’re looking for routine health advice, get in touch with us today. At Cammeray Veterinary Clinic, we specialise in diagnosing and managing conditions like hypothyroidism in dogs. Our team offers personalised care, from advanced diagnostics to tailored treatment plans, ensuring your pet’s health and well-being.